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Nginx 配置文件 nginx.conf 详解

#定义Nginx运行的用户和用户组
user www www;

#nginx进程数,建议设置为等于CPU总核心数。
worker_processes 8;

#全局错误日志定义类型,[ debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit ]
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log info;

#进程文件
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;

#一个nginx进程打开的最多文件描述符数目,理论值应该是最多打开文件数(系统的值ulimit -n)与nginx进程数相除,但是nginx分配请求并不均匀,所以建议与ulimit -n的值保持一致。
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

#工作模式与连接数上限
events
{
#参考事件模型,use [ kqueue | rtsig | epoll | /dev/poll | select | poll ]; epoll模型是Linux 2.6以上版本内核中的高性能网络I/O模型,如果跑在FreeBSD上面,就用kqueue模型。
use epoll;
#单个进程最大连接数(最大连接数=连接数*进程数)
worker_connections 65535;
}

#设定http服务器
http
{
    include mime.types; #文件扩展名与文件类型映射表
    default_type application/octet-stream; #默认文件类型
    #charset utf-8; #默认编码
    server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; #服务器名字的hash表大小
    client_header_buffer_size 32k; #上传文件大小限制
    large_client_header_buffers 4 64k; #设定请求缓
    client_max_body_size 8m; #设定请求缓
    sendfile on; #开启高效文件传输模式,sendfile指令指定nginx是否调用sendfile函数来输出文件,对于普通应用设为 on,如果用来进行下载等应用磁盘IO重负载应用,可设置为off,以平衡磁盘与网络I/O处理速度,降低系统的负载。注意:如果图片显示不正常把这个改成off。
    autoindex on; #开启目录列表访问,合适下载服务器,默认关闭。
    tcp_nopush on; #防止网络阻塞
    tcp_nodelay on; #防止网络阻塞
    keepalive_timeout 120; #长连接超时时间,单位是秒
    
    #FastCGI相关参数是为了改善网站的性能:减少资源占用,提高访问速度。下面参数看字面意思都能理解。
    fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
    fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
    fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
    fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
    
    #gzip模块设置
    gzip on;        #开启gzip压缩输出
    gzip_min_length 1k; #最小压缩文件大小
    gzip_buffers 4 16k; #压缩缓冲区
    gzip_http_version 1.0; #压缩版本(默认1.1,前端如果是squid2.5请使用1.0)开始压缩的http协议版本(可以不设置,目前几乎全是1.1协议)
    gzip_comp_level 2;   #推荐6压缩级别(级别越高,压的越小,越浪费CPU计算资源)
    gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
    #压缩类型,默认就已经包含text/html,所以下面就不用再写了,写上去也不会有问题,但是会有一个warn。
    gzip_vary on;   # 是否传输gzip压缩标志
    #limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m; #开启限制IP连接数的时候需要使用
    
    upstream blog.ha97.com {
    #upstream的负载均衡,weight是权重,可以根据机器配置定义权重。weigth参数表示权值,权值越高被分配到的几率越大。
    server 192.168.80.121:80 weight=3;
    server 192.168.80.122:80 weight=2;
    server 192.168.80.123:80 weight=3;
}

#虚拟主机的配置
server
{
    #监听端口
    listen 80;
    #域名可以有多个,用空格隔开
    server_name www.ha97.com ha97.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /data/www/ha97;
    
    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {
        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        include fastcgi.conf;
    }
    
    #图片缓存时间设置
    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
    {
        expires 10d;
    }
    
    #JS和CSS缓存时间设置
    location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
    {
        expires 1h;
    }
    
    #日志格式设定
    log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
    #定义本虚拟主机的访问日志
    access_log /var/log/nginx/ha97access.log access;

    #对 "/" 启用反向代理
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:88;
        proxy_redirect off;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        #后端的Web服务器可以通过X-Forwarded-For获取用户真实IP
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        #以下是一些反向代理的配置,可选。
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        client_max_body_size 10m; #允许客户端请求的最大单文件字节数
        client_body_buffer_size 128k; #缓冲区代理缓冲用户端请求的最大字节数,
        proxy_connect_timeout 90; #nginx跟后端服务器连接超时时间(代理连接超时)
        proxy_send_timeout 90; #后端服务器数据回传时间(代理发送超时)
        proxy_read_timeout 90; #连接成功后,后端服务器响应时间(代理接收超时)
        proxy_buffer_size 4k; #设置代理服务器(nginx)保存用户头信息的缓冲区大小
        proxy_buffers 4 32k; #proxy_buffers缓冲区,网页平均在32k以下的设置
        proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k; #高负荷下缓冲大小(proxy_buffers*2)
        proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
        #设定缓存文件夹大小,大于这个值,将从upstream服务器传
    }

    #设定查看Nginx状态的地址
    location /NginxStatus {
        stub_status on;
        access_log on;
        auth_basic "NginxStatus";
        auth_basic_user_file conf/htpasswd;
        #htpasswd文件的内容可以用apache提供的htpasswd工具来产生。
    }

    #本地动静分离反向代理配置
    #所有jsp的页面均交由tomcat或resin处理
    location ~ .(jsp|jspx|do)?$ {
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
    }
    
    #所有静态文件由nginx直接读取不经过tomcat或resin
    location ~ .*.(htm|html|gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|ioc|rar|zip|txt|flv|mid|doc|ppt|pdf|xls|mp3|wma)$
    { 
        expires 15d; 
    }
    location ~ .*.(js|css)?$
    { 
        expires 1h; 
    }
  }
}

常用配置案例

user  nginx nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

pid        /var/run/nginx/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #隐藏Nginx版本信息,禁止网站目录浏览
    server_tokens off;
    autoindex off;
    #当FastCGI后端服务器处理请求给出http响应码为4xx和5xx时,就转发给nginx
    fastcgi_intercept_errors on;

    #关于fastcgi的配置
    fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;    
    fastcgi_send_timeout 300;    
    fastcgi_read_timeout 300;    
    fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;    
    fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;    
    fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;    
    fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

    #支持gzip压缩
    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length 1k;
    gzip_buffers 16 64k;
    gzip_http_version 1.1;
    gzip_comp_level 6;
    gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/javascript text/javascript image/jpeg image/gif image/png application/xml application/json;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6].(?!.*SV1)";

    #
    # 重定向所有带www请求到非www的请求
    #
    server {
        listen               *:80;
        listen               *:443 ssl spdy;
        server_name www.typecodes.com;
        # ssl证书配置见文章 https://typecodes.com/web/lnmppositivessl.html
        ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/typecodes.crt;
        # ssl密钥文件见文章 https://typecodes.com/web/lnmppositivessl.html
        ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/typecodes.key;
        # 不产生日志
        access_log off;

        # 访问favicon.ico和robots.txt不跳转(把这两个文件存放在上级目录html中)
        location ~* ^/(favicon.ico|robots.txt)$ {
            root html;
            expires max;
            log_not_found off;
            break;
        }

        location / {
            return 301 https://typecodes.com$request_uri;
        }
    }

    #
    # 将所有http请求重定向到https
    #
    server {
        listen               *:80;
        server_name          typecodes.com;
        # 不产生日志
        access_log off;

        # 访问favicon.ico和robots.txt不跳转(把这两个文件存放在上级目录html中)
        location ~* ^/(favicon.ico|robots.txt)$ {
            root html;
            expires max;
            log_not_found off;
            break;
        }

        location / {
            return 301 https://typecodes.com$request_uri;
        }
    }

    #
    # HTTPS server
    #
    server {
        listen               *:443 ssl spdy;
        server_name typecodes.com;

        # ssl证书配置见文章 https://typecodes.com/web/lnmppositivessl.html
        ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/typecodes.crt;
        # ssl密钥文件见文章 https://typecodes.com/web/lnmppositivessl.html
        ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/typecodes.key;
        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:20m;
        ssl_session_timeout 10m;
        ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-DSS-AES128-GCM-SHA256:kEDH+AESGCM:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-DSS-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:AES:CAMELLIA:DES-CBC3-SHA:!aNULL:!eNULL:!EXPORT:!DES:!RC4:!MD5:!PSK:!aECDH:!EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA:!EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:!KRB5-DES-CBC3-SHA:!CAMELLIA;
        ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; #enables TLSv1, but not SSLv2, SSLv3 which is weak and should no longer be used.
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
        # 开启spdy功能
        add_header Alternate-Protocol 443:npn-spdy/3.1;
        # 严格的https访问
        add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains;";

        #设置网站根目录
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html/typecodes;
        index  index.php index.html;

        charset utf-8;

        #access_log  /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log  main;

        #设置css/javascript/图片等静态资源的缓存时间
        location ~ .*\.(css|js|ico|png|gif|jpg|json|mp3|mp4|flv|swf)(.*) {
            expires 60d;
        }

        # include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
        # 设置typecho博客的config文章不被访问,保证安全
        location = /config.inc.php{
            deny  all;
        }

        # keep the uploads directory safe by excluding php, php5, html file accessing. Applying to wordpress and typecho.
        # location ~ .*/uploads/.*\.(php|php5|html)$ {
        #   deny  all;
        # }

        # 设置wordpress和typecho博客中,插件目录无法直接访问php或者html文件
        location ~ .*/plugins/.*\.(php|php5|html)$ {
            deny  all;
        }

        #Rewrite的伪静态(针对wordpress/typecho),url地址去掉index.php
        location / {
            if (-f $request_filename/index.html){
                rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break;
            }
            if (-f $request_filename/index.php){
                rewrite (.*) $1/index.php;
            }
        if (!-f $request_filename){
                rewrite (.*) /index.php;
            }
        }

        #访问favicon.ico时不产生日志
        location = /favicon.ico {
            access_log off;
        }

        #设置40系列错误的应答文件为40x.html
        error_page  400 401 402 403 404  /40x.html;
        location = /40x.html {
                root   html;
                index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #设置50系列错误的应答文件为50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 501 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # 设置Nginx和php通信机制为tcp的socket模式,而不是直接监听9000端口
        location  ~ .*\.php(\/.*)*$ {
             fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
             #fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
             # the better form of fastcgi_pass than before
             fastcgi_pass   unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
             fastcgi_index  index.php;
             fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
             include        fastcgi_params;
        }

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }
}