服务启动、停止和重启脚本

Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS 启动脚本
- PHP-FPM 服务
- Nginx 服务
Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS 启动脚本
- PHP-FPM 服务
- Nginx 服务
  Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS 启动脚本
  
  PHP-FPM 服务
下载文件php-fpm.sh
注意配置文件：sudo vim /usr/local/php-7.2/etc/php-fpm.conf

务必开启配置文件的pid路径：pid = run/php-fpm.pid 否则会报错：no pid file found - php-fpm is not running ?

CP到默认开启的服务脚本：

  sudo cp php-fpm.sh  /etc/init.d/php-fpm

给予权限：
```
  sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
```
使用sysv-rc-conf安装，如何安装sysv-rc-conf管理服务

php-fpm.sh代码

  #! /bin/sh
  ### BEGIN INIT INFO
  # Provides:     php-fpm
  # Required-Start:  $remote_fs $network
  # Required-Stop:   $remote_fs $network
  # Default-Start:   2 3 4 5
  # Default-Stop:   0 1 6
  # Short-Description: starts php-fpm
  # Description:    starts the PHP FastCGI Process Manager daemon
  ### END INIT INFO
    
  prefix=/opt/php-7.0.9    # 只需要修改这里就可以里，这里是编译路径
  exec_prefix=${prefix}
    
  php_fpm_BIN=${exec_prefix}/sbin/php-fpm
  php_fpm_CONF=${prefix}/etc/php-fpm.conf
  php_fpm_PID=${prefix}/var/run/php-fpm.pid
    
  php_opts="--fpm-config $php_fpm_CONF --pid $php_fpm_PID"
    
  wait_for_pid () {
      try=0
    
      while test $try -lt 35 ; do
    
          case "$1" in
              'created')
              if [ -f "$2" ] ; then
                  try=''
                  break
              fi
              ;;
    
              'removed')
              if [ ! -f "$2" ] ; then
                  try=''
                  break
              fi
              ;;
          esac
    
          echo -n .
          try=`expr $try + 1`
          sleep 1
    
      done
    
  }
  case "$1" in
      start)
          echo -n "Starting PHP-FPM Server ... "
    
          $php_fpm_BIN --daemonize $php_opts
    
          if [ "$?" != 0 ] ; then
              echo " failed"
              exit 1
          fi
    
          wait_for_pid created $php_fpm_PID
    
          if [ -n "$try" ] ; then
              echo " failed"
              exit 1
          else
              echo "[OK]"
          fi
      ;;
    
      stop)
          echo -n "Stopping PHP-FPM Server ... "
    
          if [ ! -r $php_fpm_PID ] ; then
              echo "warning, no pid file found - php-fpm is not running ?"
              exit 1
          fi
    
          kill -QUIT `cat $php_fpm_PID`
    
          wait_for_pid removed $php_fpm_PID
    
          if [ -n "$try" ] ; then
              echo " failed. Use force-quit"
              exit 1
          else
              echo "                          [OK]"
          fi
      ;;
        
      force-quit)
          echo -n "Terminating PHP-FPM "
    
          if [ ! -r $php_fpm_PID ] ; then
              echo "warning, no pid file found - php-fpm is not running ?"
              exit 1
          fi
    
          kill -TERM `cat $php_fpm_PID`
    
          wait_for_pid removed $php_fpm_PID
    
          if [ -n "$try" ] ; then
              echo " failed"
              exit 1
          else
              echo "                          [OK]"
          fi
      ;;
    
      restart)
          $0 stop
          $0 start
      ;;
    
      reload)
    
          echo -n "Reload service php-fpm "
    
          if [ ! -r $php_fpm_PID ] ; then
              echo "warning, no pid file found - php-fpm is not running ?"
              exit 1
          fi
    
          kill -USR2 `cat $php_fpm_PID`
    
          echo "[OK]"
      ;;
    
      *)
          echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|force-quit|restart|reload}"
          exit 1
      ;;
    
  esac

运行效果

www@tinywan:~$ sudo service php-fpm restart
Stopping PHP-FPM Server ...             [OK]
Starting PHP-FPM Server ...             [OK]

Nginx 服务

第一种安装方式
- 查看当前nginx是否已经在开机启动项里面:
```
ls /etc/rc*
```
- 如何安装
```
#使用wget -O 下载并以不同的文件名保存 
sudo wget https://raw.github.com/JasonGiedymin/nginx-init-ubuntu/master/nginx -O /etc/init.d/nginx
# 给与权限   
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
# 设置为启动项
sudo update-rc.d nginx defaults
```
- 需要修改的地方：
  - 1、NGINXPATH=${NGINXPATH:-/opt/openresty/nginx} 修改为自己的路径
  - 2、PIDSPATH=${PIDSPATH:-$NGINXPATH/logs} pid文件路径
    
    如果在配置文件修改为：pid /run/nginx.pid;
    PIDSPATH=${PIDSPATH:-$NGINXPATH/logs}修改为：PIDSPATH=”/run”

第二种安装方式

和PHP-FPM一样，nginx.sh代码

#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          nginx
# Required-Start:    $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop:     $remote_fs $syslog
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: nginx init.d dash script for Ubuntu or other *nix.
# Description:       nginx init.d dash script for Ubuntu or other *nix.
### END INIT INFO
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# nginx - this Debian Almquist shell (dash) script, starts and stops the nginx
#         daemon for Ubuntu and other *nix releases.
#
# description:  Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server.  This \
#               script will manage the initiation of the \
#               server and it's process state.
#
# processname: nginx
# config:      /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# pidfile:     /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
# Provides:    nginx
        
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#                               Functions
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LSB_FUNC=/lib/lsb/init-functions
        
# Test that init functions exists
test -r $LSB_FUNC || {
    echo "$0: Cannot find $LSB_FUNC! Script exiting." 1>&2
    exit 5
}
        
. $LSB_FUNC
        
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#                               Consts
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Include nginx defaults if available
if [ -f /etc/default/nginx ]; then
    . /etc/default/nginx
fi
        
# Minimize path
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
        
PS=${PS:-"nginx"}                             # process name
DESCRIPTION=${DESCRIPTION:-"Nginx Server..."} # process description
NGINXPATH=${NGINXPATH:-/opt/openresty/nginx}      # root path where installed
DAEMON=${DAEMON:-$NGINXPATH/sbin/nginx}       # path to daemon binary
NGINX_CONF_FILE=${NGINX_CONF_FILE:-$NGINXPATH/conf/nginx.conf} # config file path
PIDNAME=${PIDNAME:-"nginx"}                   # lets you do $PS-slave
PIDFILE=${PIDFILE:-$PIDNAME.pid}              # pid file
PIDSPATH=${PIDSPATH:-$NGINXPATH/logs}         # default pid location, you should change it
RUNAS=${RUNAS:-root}                          # user to run as
SCRIPT_OK=0           # ala error codes
SCRIPT_ERROR=1        # ala error codes
TRUE=1                # boolean
FALSE=0               # boolean
        
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#                               Simple Tests
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        
# Test if nginx is a file and executable
test -x $DAEMON || {
    echo "$0: You don't have permissions to execute nginx." 1>&2
    exit 4
}
        
# You can also set your conditions like so:
# set exit condition
# set -e
        
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#                               Functions
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        
setFilePerms(){
    if [ -f $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE ]; then
        chmod 400 $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE
    fi
}
        
configtest() {
    $DAEMON -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
        
getPSCount() {
    return `pgrep -f $PS | wc -l`
}
        
isRunning() {
    if [ $1 ]; then
        pidof_daemon $1
        PID=$?
        
        if [ $PID -gt 0 ]; then
            return 1
        else
            return 0
        fi
    else
        pidof_daemon
        PID=$?
        
        if [ $PID -gt 0 ]; then
            return 1
        else
            return 0
        fi
    fi
}
        
#courtesy of php-fpm
wait_for_pid () {
    try=0
        
    while test $try -lt 35 ; do
        case "$1" in
            'created')
            if [ -f "$2" ]; then
                try=''
                break
            fi
            ;;
        
            'removed')
            if [ ! -f "$2" ]; then
                try=''
                break
            fi
            ;;
        esac
        
        try=`expr $try + 1`
        sleep 1
    done
}
        
status(){
    isRunning
    isAlive=$?
        
    if [ "${isAlive}" -eq $TRUE ]; then
        log_warning_msg "$DESCRIPTION found running with processes:  `pidof $PS`"
        rc=0
    else
        log_warning_msg "$DESCRIPTION is NOT running."
        rc=3
    fi
        
    return
}
        
removePIDFile(){
    if [ $1 ]; then
        if [ -f $1 ]; then
            rm -f $1
        fi
    else
        #Do default removal
        if [ -f $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE ]; then
            rm -f $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE
        fi
    fi
}
        
start() {
    log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESCRIPTION"
        
    isRunning
    isAlive=$?
        
    if [ "${isAlive}" -eq $TRUE ]; then
        log_end_msg $SCRIPT_ERROR
        rc=0
    else
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --chuid \
        $RUNAS --pidfile $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON \
        -- -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
        status=$?
        setFilePerms
        
        if [ "${status}" -eq 0 ]; then
            log_end_msg $SCRIPT_OK
            rc=0
        else
            log_end_msg $SCRIPT_ERROR
            rc=7
        fi
    fi
        
    return
}
        
stop() {
    log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESCRIPTION"
        
    isRunning
    isAlive=$?
        
    if [ "${isAlive}" -eq $TRUE ]; then
        start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --pidfile $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE
        
        wait_for_pid 'removed' $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE
        
        if [ -n "$try" ]; then
            log_end_msg $SCRIPT_ERROR
            rc=0 # lsb states 1, but under status it is 2 (which is more prescriptive). Deferring to standard.
        else
            removePIDFile
            log_end_msg $SCRIPT_OK
            rc=0
        fi
    else
        log_end_msg $SCRIPT_ERROR
        rc=7
    fi
        
    return
}
        
reload() {
    configtest || return $?
        
    log_daemon_msg "Reloading (via HUP) $DESCRIPTION"
        
    isRunning
        
    if [ $? -eq $TRUE ]; then
        kill -HUP `cat $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE`
        log_end_msg $SCRIPT_OK
        rc=0
    else
        log_end_msg $SCRIPT_ERROR
        rc=7
    fi
        
    return
}
        
quietupgrade() {
    log_daemon_msg "Peforming Quiet Upgrade $DESCRIPTION"
        
    isRunning
    isAlive=$?
        
    if [ "${isAlive}" -eq $TRUE ]; then
        kill -USR2 `cat $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE`
        kill -WINCH `cat $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE.oldbin`
        
        isRunning
        isAlive=$?
        
        if [ "${isAlive}" -eq $TRUE ]; then
            kill -QUIT `cat $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE.oldbin`
            wait_for_pid 'removed' $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE.oldbin
            removePIDFile $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE.oldbin
        
            log_end_msg $SCRIPT_OK
            rc=0
        else
            log_end_msg $SCRIPT_ERROR
        
            log_daemon_msg "ERROR! Reverting back to original $DESCRIPTION"
        
            kill -HUP `cat $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE`
            kill -TERM `cat $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE.oldbin`
            kill -QUIT `cat $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE.oldbin`
        
            wait_for_pid 'removed' $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE.oldbin
            removePIDFile $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE.oldbin
        
            log_end_msg $SCRIPT_OK
            rc=0
        fi
    else
        log_end_msg $SCRIPT_ERROR
        rc=7
    fi
        
    return
}
        
terminate() {
    log_daemon_msg "Force terminating (via KILL) $DESCRIPTION"
        
    PIDS=`pidof $PS` || true
        
    [ -e $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE ] && PIDS2=`cat $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE`
        
    for i in $PIDS; do
        if [ "$i" = "$PIDS2" ]; then
            kill $i
            wait_for_pid 'removed' $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE
            removePIDFile
        fi
    done
        
    log_end_msg $SCRIPT_OK
    rc=0
}
        
destroy() {
    log_daemon_msg "Force terminating and may include self (via KILLALL) $DESCRIPTION"
    killall $PS -q >> /dev/null 2>&1
    log_end_msg $SCRIPT_OK
    rc=0
}
        
pidof_daemon() {
    PIDS=`pidof $PS` || true
        
    [ -e $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE ] && PIDS2=`cat $PIDSPATH/$PIDFILE`
        
    for i in $PIDS; do
        if [ "$i" = "$PIDS2" ]; then
            return 1
        fi
    done
        
    return 0
}
        
action="$1"
case "$1" in
    start)
        start
        ;;
    stop)
        stop
        ;;
    restart|force-reload)
        stop
        # if [ $rc -ne 0 ]; then
        #     script_exit
        # fi
        sleep 1
        start
        ;;
    reload)
        $1
        ;;
    status)
        status
        ;;
    configtest)
        $1
        ;;
    quietupgrade)
        $1
        ;;
    terminate)
        $1
        ;;
    destroy)
        $1
        ;;
    *)
        FULLPATH=/etc/init.d/$PS
        echo "Usage: $FULLPATH {start|stop|restart|force-reload|reload|status|configtest|quietupgrade|terminate|destroy}"
        echo "       The 'destroy' command should only be used as a last resort."
        exit 3
        ;;
esac
        
exit $rc

根据自己环境，配置文件路径，下面修改为Openresty下的Nginx启动项(Nginx 安装在/usr/local/openresty/目录下)
```
sudo vim /etc/init.d/nginx
NGINXPATH=${NGINXPATH:-/usr/local/openresty/nginx}
```

开启服务

sudo service nginx restart
[sudo] password for www: 
 * Stopping Nginx Server...      [ OK ] 
 * Starting Nginx Server...      [ OK ]

Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS 启动脚本

PHP-FPM 服务

php-fpm.sh脚本代码同上
注意，需要重新加载服务：
```
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
```
开启服务
```
sudo systemctl start php-fpm.service
```
停止服务
```
sudo systemctl stop php-fpm.service
```
重启服务
```
sudo systemctl restart php-fpm.service
```

服务状态

sudo systemctl status php-fpm.service
● php-fpm.service - LSB: starts php-fpm
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/php-fpm; bad; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2017-10-22 11:16:06 CST; 1 day 5h ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
   CGroup: /system.slice/php-fpm.service
           ├─ 7670 php-fpm: pool www                                                                                                                              
           ├─ 7711 php-fpm: pool www                                                                                                                              
           ├─ 7752 php-fpm: pool www                                                                                                                              
           └─18244 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php-7.1.8/etc/php-fpm.conf)                                                                                
    
Oct 22 11:16:06 TinywanAliYun php-fpm[18232]: Stopping PHP-FPM Server ... .                          [OK]
Oct 22 11:16:06 TinywanAliYun systemd[1]: Stopped LSB: starts php-fpm.
Oct 22 11:16:06 TinywanAliYun systemd[1]: Starting LSB: starts php-fpm...
Oct 22 11:16:06 TinywanAliYun php-fpm[18239]: Starting PHP-FPM Server ... [OK]
Oct 22 11:16:06 TinywanAliYun systemd[1]: Started LSB: starts php-fpm.

Nginx 服务

Debian/Ubuntu Nginx init Script

[1]通常情况下，如果你从存储库安装Nginx，这个初始化脚本已经包含在内。但是，如果您从源代码安装，或者没有使用标准路径，您可能需要这个。
[2]如果发现停止/重新启动等不起作用，则您的pid文件位置可能不正确。您可以将其设置在nginx.conf中，也可以在此处更改init脚本以指向正确的pid位置

nginx.sh代码：

#!/bin/sh
     
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          nginx
# Required-Start:    $all
# Required-Stop:     $all
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server
# Description:       starts nginx using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFO
     
PATH=/opt/bin:/opt/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DAEMON=/usr/local/openresty/nginx/sbin/nginx
NAME=nginx
DESC=nginx
     
test -x $DAEMON || exit 0
     
# Include nginx defaults if available
if [ -f /etc/default/nginx ] ; then
        . /etc/default/nginx
fi
     
set -e
     
case "$1" in
  start)
        echo -n "Starting $DESC: "
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile /var/run/nginx.pid \
                --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS
        echo "$NAME."
        ;;
  stop)
        echo -n "Stopping $DESC: "
        start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --pidfile /var/run/nginx.pid \
                --exec $DAEMON
        echo "$NAME."
        ;;
  restart|force-reload)
        echo -n "Restarting $DESC: "
        start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --pidfile \
                /var/run/nginx.pid --exec $DAEMON
        sleep 1
        start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile \
                /var/run/nginx.pid --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_OPTS
        echo "$NAME."
        ;;
  reload)
      echo -n "Reloading $DESC configuration: "
      start-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile /var/run/nginx.pid \
          --exec $DAEMON
      echo "$NAME."
      ;;
  *)
        N=/etc/init.d/$NAME
        echo "Usage: $N {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&2
        exit 1
        ;;
esac
     
exit 0

CP到默认开启的服务脚本：
```
sudo cp nginx.sh  /etc/init.d/nginx
```
给予权限：
```
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
```
设置为开机启动项：
```
sudo update-rc.d nginx defaults
```
重新加载服务：
```
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
```
开启服务
```
sudo systemctl start nginx.service
```
停止服务
```
sudo systemctl stop nginx.service
```
重启服务
```
sudo systemctl restart nginx.service
```

服务状态

sudo systemctl status nginx.service 
● nginx.service
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/nginx; bad; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2017-10-23 16:48:24 CST; 1min 28s ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
  Process: 19089 ExecStop=/etc/init.d/nginx stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 19138 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/nginx start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─19142 nginx: master process /usr/local/openresty/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/nginx.con
           ├─19143 nginx: worker process                                                              
           └─19144 nginx: cache manager process                                                       
    
Oct 23 16:48:24 TinywanAliYun systemd[1]: Starting nginx.service...
Oct 23 16:48:24 TinywanAliYun nginx[19138]: Starting NGINX Web Server: ok
Oct 23 16:48:24 TinywanAliYun systemd[1]: Started nginx.service.

参考文章：
- Nginx官方参考
- linux wget 命令用法详解(附实例说明)
- 理解Linux系统/etc/init.d目录和/etc/rc.local脚本
- Ubuntu启动项设置——之update-rc.d 命令使用

服务启动、停止和重启脚本

Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS 启动脚本

PHP-FPM 服务

Nginx 服务

Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS 启动脚本

PHP-FPM 服务

Nginx 服务